43.Travelers love animals. We want to get close to them and learn more about them. But the reality that many tourists don’t see is that to stay in business, animal encounters, such as elephant rides and photo ops with tigers, rely on putting wild creatures to work. Discerning the difference between ethical and problematic wildlife experiences is among the thorny issues addressed in National Geographic magazine’s feature story “Suffering unseen: The dark truth behind wildlife tourism.” For visitors to environments ranging from zoos to national parks, it can be especially difficult to determine how to observe animals humanely. To assess how facilities treat captive animals, you can refer to the “five freedoms”—internationally recognized standards inspired by a 1965 U.K. government report. Consider these tips before your next wild adventure: 41 . ____________ Look for facilities where animals appear to be well-fed and have access to clean water at all times. A facility that rates high on Trip Advisor may not be a humane one. Read one- and two-star reviews, which often include animal welfare concerns cited by visitors. 42 . ______________ Observe whether animals have an appropriate environment, including shelter, ample space, a comfortable resting area, and a secluded place away from crowds. Beware of buzzwords including “gives back to conservation,” “sanctuary,” and “rescue.” Be cautious if a facility makes these promises yet offers extensive interaction to large volumes of people. 43 . ______________ Avoid facilities where animals are visibly injured or are forced to participate in activities that could injure them or cause them pain or where enclosures aren’t clean. Being chained, performing, and interacting with tourists—giving rides, posing with them, being washed by them—are not normal for a wild animal, even one born in captivity. 44 . ______________ Be aware that large crowds and unnatural noises cause distress, especially for animals that have experienced fear-based training, separation from mothers at birth, or other traumas. 45 . ______________ Seek experiences that offer observation of animals engaging in natural behaviors in natural environments and share them widely with other .The global wildlife tourism industry should be entrepreneurial. Individual actions can make a collective difference, signaling to the market that consumers support ethical wildlife encounters. When travelers decide they want humane treatment of animals, the wildlife tourism market will change for the better.

44.Travelers love animals. We want to get close to them and learn more about them. But the reality that many tourists don’t see is that to stay in business, animal encounters, such as elephant rides and photo ops with tigers, rely on putting wild creatures to work. Discerning the difference between ethical and problematic wildlife experiences is among the thorny issues addressed in National Geographic magazine’s feature story “Suffering unseen: The dark truth behind wildlife tourism.” For visitors to environments ranging from zoos to national parks, it can be especially difficult to determine how to observe animals humanely. To assess how facilities treat captive animals, you can refer to the “five freedoms”—internationally recognized standards inspired by a 1965 U.K. government report. Consider these tips before your next wild adventure: 41 . ____________ Look for facilities where animals appear to be well-fed and have access to clean water at all times. A facility that rates high on Trip Advisor may not be a humane one. Read one- and two-star reviews, which often include animal welfare concerns cited by visitors. 42 . ______________ Observe whether animals have an appropriate environment, including shelter, ample space, a comfortable resting area, and a secluded place away from crowds. Beware of buzzwords including “gives back to conservation,” “sanctuary,” and “rescue.” Be cautious if a facility makes these promises yet offers extensive interaction to large volumes of people. 43 . ______________ Avoid facilities where animals are visibly injured or are forced to participate in activities that could injure them or cause them pain or where enclosures aren’t clean. Being chained, performing, and interacting with tourists—giving rides, posing with them, being washed by them—are not normal for a wild animal, even one born in captivity. 44 . ______________ Be aware that large crowds and unnatural noises cause distress, especially for animals that have experienced fear-based training, separation from mothers at birth, or other traumas. 45 . ______________ Seek experiences that offer observation of animals engaging in natural behaviors in natural environments and share them widely with other .The global wildlife tourism industry should be entrepreneurial. Individual actions can make a collective difference, signaling to the market that consumers support ethical wildlife encounters. When travelers decide they want humane treatment of animals, the wildlife tourism market will change for the better.

45.Travelers love animals. We want to get close to them and learn more about them. But the reality that many tourists don’t see is that to stay in business, animal encounters, such as elephant rides and photo ops with tigers, rely on putting wild creatures to work. Discerning the difference between ethical and problematic wildlife experiences is among the thorny issues addressed in National Geographic magazine’s feature story “Suffering unseen: The dark truth behind wildlife tourism.” For visitors to environments ranging from zoos to national parks, it can be especially difficult to determine how to observe animals humanely. To assess how facilities treat captive animals, you can refer to the “five freedoms”—internationally recognized standards inspired by a 1965 U.K. government report. Consider these tips before your next wild adventure: 41 . ____________ Look for facilities where animals appear to be well-fed and have access to clean water at all times. A facility that rates high on Trip Advisor may not be a humane one. Read one- and two-star reviews, which often include animal welfare concerns cited by visitors. 42 . ______________ Observe whether animals have an appropriate environment, including shelter, ample space, a comfortable resting area, and a secluded place away from crowds. Beware of buzzwords including “gives back to conservation,” “sanctuary,” and “rescue.” Be cautious if a facility makes these promises yet offers extensive interaction to large volumes of people. 43 . ______________ Avoid facilities where animals are visibly injured or are forced to participate in activities that could injure them or cause them pain or where enclosures aren’t clean. Being chained, performing, and interacting with tourists—giving rides, posing with them, being washed by them—are not normal for a wild animal, even one born in captivity. 44 . ______________ Be aware that large crowds and unnatural noises cause distress, especially for animals that have experienced fear-based training, separation from mothers at birth, or other traumas. 45 . ______________ Seek experiences that offer observation of animals engaging in natural behaviors in natural environments and share them widely with other .The global wildlife tourism industry should be entrepreneurial. Individual actions can make a collective difference, signaling to the market that consumers support ethical wildlife encounters. When travelers decide they want humane treatment of animals, the wildlife tourism market will change for the better.

46.A new study published in the journal Health found that taking a photo every day and sharing it online improves your well-being. Researchers found that snapping and sharing wasn't simply an exercise in narcissism, but an act of self-care.Taking the photo encouraged mindfulness, while the sharing promoted social interaction."I'll stop and take a photograph of this insect sitting on my computer or something. Just taking a moment is very beneficial, I think," one participant tells scientists at the UK's Lancaster University and University of Sheffield.Looking at photos gives the subjects a sense of purpose, and planning to take them was a motivational force, the researchers say."It encourages me out of the house sometimes," another participant says.On the social side, comments kept people connected with their friends and family, and even helped some combat loneliness. Researchers concluded in a press release that posting photos online is "an active process of meaning making."

47.After the earthquake, construction of 20 schools and kindergartens has been finished there and more than 16,000 students will study in the newly completed schools. Write a letter to those students to 1) congratulate them on their newly-built schools; 2) express your best wishes for them. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead. Do not write your address. (10 points)

48.After the earthquake, construction of 20 schools and kindergartens has been finished there and more than 16,000 students will study in the newly completed schools. Write a letter to those students to 1) congratulate them on their newly-built schools; 2) express your best wishes for them. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead. Do not write your address. (10 points)

1.Section I Use of English 　　In winter, people might lessen their outdoor exercise. The days get dark1, and it can be very cold! These conditions can make it harder for some of us to get2for exercise. 　　3, cold days can be perfect for outdoor workouts! There are at least three important health benefits4cold-weather workouts, and you should get some knowledge of these before going out. 　　1. The body works harder in cold weather. 　　Health experts at the Medical University of South Carolina say the body must5extra energy to keep warm in low temperatures. This means the body is6more calories and fat. 　　Your lungs also may7better in cold weather. Researchers at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff found some interesting results in a study of goats. Yes, I said "goats." But8, their results were pretty interesting. 　　The scientists looked at how cold-weather activity9goats. They found that "during the three coldest months, the10but cold-exposed goats experienced a 34% increase in11oxygen uptake and a 29% increase in running speed." When temperatures increased in the spring both oxygen uptake and running speed of the goats12. 　　2. Regular cold-weather exercising may help the immune system. 　　The winter season is also cold and flu season. Making outdoor exercise a usual part of your workout may help you13both colds and the flu. It may strengthen your body’s14system. The Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research found that winter workouts can15your risk of getting the flu by 20 to 30 percent. 　　3. Exercising outdoors in cold weather may help your mental health. 　　Some people who16"winter blues" or Seasonal Affective Disorder, may17going outside to exercise in the fresh air and sunshine. 　　An outdoor workout increases exposure18sunlight. Sunlight helps the body produce vitamin D. And vitamin D produces hormones that19your mood. 　　20, there are several health benefits of exercising outdoors in very cold weather. Give yourselves a chance to enjoy this fantastic moment!

2.Section I Use of English 　　In winter, people might lessen their outdoor exercise. The days get dark1, and it can be very cold! These conditions can make it harder for some of us to get2for exercise. 　　3, cold days can be perfect for outdoor workouts! There are at least three important health benefits4cold-weather workouts, and you should get some knowledge of these before going out. 　　1. The body works harder in cold weather. 　　Health experts at the Medical University of South Carolina say the body must5extra energy to keep warm in low temperatures. This means the body is6more calories and fat. 　　Your lungs also may7better in cold weather. Researchers at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff found some interesting results in a study of goats. Yes, I said "goats." But8, their results were pretty interesting. 　　The scientists looked at how cold-weather activity9goats. They found that "during the three coldest months, the10but cold-exposed goats experienced a 34% increase in11oxygen uptake and a 29% increase in running speed." When temperatures increased in the spring both oxygen uptake and running speed of the goats12. 　　2. Regular cold-weather exercising may help the immune system. 　　The winter season is also cold and flu season. Making outdoor exercise a usual part of your workout may help you13both colds and the flu. It may strengthen your body’s14system. The Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research found that winter workouts can15your risk of getting the flu by 20 to 30 percent. 　　3. Exercising outdoors in cold weather may help your mental health. 　　Some people who16"winter blues" or Seasonal Affective Disorder, may17going outside to exercise in the fresh air and sunshine. 　　An outdoor workout increases exposure18sunlight. Sunlight helps the body produce vitamin D. And vitamin D produces hormones that19your mood. 　　20, there are several health benefits of exercising outdoors in very cold weather. Give yourselves a chance to enjoy this fantastic moment!

3.Section I Use of English 　　In winter, people might lessen their outdoor exercise. The days get dark1, and it can be very cold! These conditions can make it harder for some of us to get2for exercise. 　　3, cold days can be perfect for outdoor workouts! There are at least three important health benefits4cold-weather workouts, and you should get some knowledge of these before going out. 　　1. The body works harder in cold weather. 　　Health experts at the Medical University of South Carolina say the body must5extra energy to keep warm in low temperatures. This means the body is6more calories and fat. 　　Your lungs also may7better in cold weather. Researchers at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff found some interesting results in a study of goats. Yes, I said "goats." But8, their results were pretty interesting. 　　The scientists looked at how cold-weather activity9goats. They found that "during the three coldest months, the10but cold-exposed goats experienced a 34% increase in11oxygen uptake and a 29% increase in running speed." When temperatures increased in the spring both oxygen uptake and running speed of the goats12. 　　2. Regular cold-weather exercising may help the immune system. 　　The winter season is also cold and flu season. Making outdoor exercise a usual part of your workout may help you13both colds and the flu. It may strengthen your body’s14system. The Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research found that winter workouts can15your risk of getting the flu by 20 to 30 percent. 　　3. Exercising outdoors in cold weather may help your mental health. 　　Some people who16"winter blues" or Seasonal Affective Disorder, may17going outside to exercise in the fresh air and sunshine. 　　An outdoor workout increases exposure18sunlight. Sunlight helps the body produce vitamin D. And vitamin D produces hormones that19your mood. 　　20, there are several health benefits of exercising outdoors in very cold weather. Give yourselves a chance to enjoy this fantastic moment!

4.Section I Use of English 　　In winter, people might lessen their outdoor exercise. The days get dark1, and it can be very cold! These conditions can make it harder for some of us to get2for exercise. 　　3, cold days can be perfect for outdoor workouts! There are at least three important health benefits4cold-weather workouts, and you should get some knowledge of these before going out. 　　1. The body works harder in cold weather. 　　Health experts at the Medical University of South Carolina say the body must5extra energy to keep warm in low temperatures. This means the body is6more calories and fat. 　　Your lungs also may7better in cold weather. Researchers at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff found some interesting results in a study of goats. Yes, I said "goats." But8, their results were pretty interesting. 　　The scientists looked at how cold-weather activity9goats. They found that "during the three coldest months, the10but cold-exposed goats experienced a 34% increase in11oxygen uptake and a 29% increase in running speed." When temperatures increased in the spring both oxygen uptake and running speed of the goats12. 　　2. Regular cold-weather exercising may help the immune system. 　　The winter season is also cold and flu season. Making outdoor exercise a usual part of your workout may help you13both colds and the flu. It may strengthen your body’s14system. The Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research found that winter workouts can15your risk of getting the flu by 20 to 30 percent. 　　3. Exercising outdoors in cold weather may help your mental health. 　　Some people who16"winter blues" or Seasonal Affective Disorder, may17going outside to exercise in the fresh air and sunshine. 　　An outdoor workout increases exposure18sunlight. Sunlight helps the body produce vitamin D. And vitamin D produces hormones that19your mood. 　　20, there are several health benefits of exercising outdoors in very cold weather. Give yourselves a chance to enjoy this fantastic moment!